Basic Machine/Computer organization - Education4CS

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Basic Machine/Computer organization

Machine/Computer organization deals with how different parts of a computer is organized and how various operations(Input, Output, etc)are performed between different part to do a specific task.

The computer organization is defined by its internal resisters, control structure, and set of usable instructions.

Instructions: Instructions are a set of computer language instructions that a specific processor understands and runs. Instruction comprises groups called fields

Instruction formats computer organization has three instruction code formats as follows:
1. Memory —In this format, 12 bits of memory are used to identify an address and 1 bit to identify the addressing mode

2. Register — Registers are performed by the Opcode (option code) 111 with a 0 in the leftmost 15 bits of the instructions

3. Input-Output instruction An input-output instruction does not need a reference to memory and is knowledge or recognize by the operation code 111 with a 1 in the leftmost bit of the instruction

Instruction Cycle
The memory unit of the machine obtains a sequence of instructions. Instructions are runes by the processor by going through a cycle for each instruction.
These instruction cycles consist of the following different phases:  
  1. Fetch the instruction from memory: Instruction fetched that is stored in PC, And stored in IR
  2. Decode the instruction: CU: decode IR instructions
  3. Read the effective address from memory: If the instruction has some indirect addresses
  4. Execute the instructions: CU then transfers The decoded instruction to the respective unit

Instructions: An instruction is a set of computer language instructions that a particular processor understands and executes. Instruction comprises groups called "fields. The main components of the basic organization of a computer system are the micro-processor(C.P.U), a memory unit(MU), and input-output devices. The central processing unit: A CPU is the brain of a computer. It controls the computer system. It converts data to information. Arithmetic and Logic Unit: It is a part of the CPU.

A computer can be defined as a fast electronic calculating machine that accepts the digitized input information, processes it as per the list of internally stored instructions, and produces the resulting information. Lists of instructions are called programs, and internal storage is called computer memory.

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